The historic city of Marib

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The historic city of Marib

The city known by that name since the early first millennium BC, has received inscriptions in the eighth century BC word (m j t b), and in some inscriptions have the following wording (m t b), the capital of the Kingdom of Sheba about more than the year 1000 (from the Horn Eighth BC until the third century AD), located at Wadi his ear and on the outskirts of desert Sihd which controls the ancient trade route "through chewing gum."
Construction is due specifically to the eighth century BC, when taken administrative capital of the Kingdom of Sheba, which charted the city was "ordered Ita /-/ bin / feature on / distressing / Saba", which is distressing Sbei, who was sentenced at the end of the eighth century BC (715 BC. M ).
An area totaling over one hundred hectares, include markets, houses and temples, etc. .., surrounded by fence and impervious enshrined gives strength and power.
The secret of preventing the city as well as the strength and prevent its people "Sbeien" lies in Syria and its towers defense, which is one of the secrets that have made other purposes as the symbol of and response to the many attempts to seize the military since the invasion of Romanian arrived to the outskirts of the year (24 BC. M), which returned Roll unrewarded.
How to build the fence refers to engineering and strategic thinking characteristic, making it the fence appears to the outside ads "may suggest that the warden of the fall Il" However, this is one of the secrets that were to give strength and power, has built a row where Stone engineer highlights slightly lower grade Stone top, and used in its construction Almhendmh stones, and take a non-regular, with three sections of the north, west and south-east, and built several defensive towers distributed irregularly and messenger Mtfawtaath indicating "flexible defensive military strategy," Raja are in a defensive wall North reached the distance between them (10.50 meters), and there is one in the West except (5.35 × 3 m) while the twin towers located in the northern wall dimension (6 × 2.70 m) and (5.60 × 3.83 m). The fence today is almost blurred by But where its researchers have been able to completely determined by aerial photography, there remains only the rest of the foundations of the eastern and northern and western parts, where the floods swept south.
Islamic landmarks, including highlights from the mosque Solomon, which is located on the western side of the city remains conservative on its features, except that some portions of its roof had disappeared, and been associated with this mosque Prophet Suleiman bin Daoud peace be upon him by his ministry Queen Balqees year (950 BC. M), and the mosque Built of stone columns and stone monuments (52 columns) with eight ribs area around each (1.11 m). The mosque was built as likely consensus of the year (467 for Migration Prophet Muhammad) with some "text-stone" appeared to Prophet Suleiman bin Daud (peace be upon him) is one of our mosque
Old Marib Dam

Signed a
Lee west of the city of Marib historical distance of about 8 metres, the greatest valleys Yemen which led to his ear, which is under torrents of watershed in the highlands along the vast area of Dhamar and Rda and Murad, Khawlan, which fallen by rains from April to August, situated between mountain Namely, the Balkans and the northern Balkans East (South) which form the barrier last of a series of mountains and highlands of East desert before they meet Sihd (widow of seven).
Usefulness is not only the maintenance of populated areas from flooding floods are also "land reclamation", which was the mainstay of the state Sbeih and source of strength, has used the dam to store water and quick disposal of transplanted area of land estimated at more than 72 km 2, a land known as (Ground gardens), mentioned in the Koran (Sura Saba).
Historical significance
It lies in the effects of months of Yemen and the greatest engineering building an old Arab peninsula, also lies in being a teacher has to steady since the beginning of civilization Sbeih passing peak of prosperity and even moments of collapse and then shake on impact.
Date constructive
Back to the eighteenth century, and probably the seventh century BC, where the carved installed on the southern bank building of the dam's name distressing "Ita-Ben is the feature", which charted the city of Marib and became one Mkarabh the seventh century BC.
Specifications
Sbeien indicate greatness, it was built in the narrow between the northern Balkans and the southern Balkans and led to his ear Site natural fit for a dam where the assembly is widening at the top of the strait so that seems to be an ideal basin to contain water, with a body length of the dam 720 meters and height of about 15 meters, while the fish is 60 meters at the ****************, built mainly from the huge stones and dirt above a wall covered with stones and gravel from both sides and both sides when the dam is located two banks "coincidence of water to water two principal channels, built mainly from the huge stones and dirt above a wall covered with stones and gravel from both sides and both sides when the dam is located two banks "coincidence" of water to water two principal channels.
Constructive way
After referring to intellectual engineering, has built a wall of the dam basis points to rock the valley (the mother) and then a huge stones Alwan wall above the dam gradually been carving rock for two banks "coincidence" in the southern side at the foot of Mount East, the Balkans and on the other side of Mount rocks northern Balkans Then completed built on the rocks of Mount fallopian they deliver big split from rock bottom and top is constructed of thick stone-faced large Almhendmh square rib, was installed on each other coherence and interdependence.
Southern coincidences - known when residents b (stud blood) any place in which to link it to the cat protects mice from the dam, which according to legend says that the damage was caused by the Mareb Dam mice that came to link the (blood) there is in this coincidence - consisting of a huge pillar forward The pillar of the background small barrier between them likely. Huge pillar extends from east to west parallel to the valley and built on a high rocky rib when the North East Mount Balkans beyond some stone staircases carved in the same rib and the other stone construction, were set up this pillar stones Mhendmh dimensions (2.16 × 0.30 meters), and inter-faced South and North Rose Stone Corporation mistress to increase the strength in construction, and decorated some of the stones are decorated with architectural Halim, has been in the building of this pillar, as well as in high that it should not be left any blanks for the water leak closed Balkdad (white cement) to prevent the impact of water may This leads to the collapse of the bank and thus the dam wall. The pillar was constructed backdrop of small stones Mhendmh seems destined for its part towards the dam basin are convex to avoid the pressure of water and its rear levels, and assigned three stone pillars of the largest scale (1 × 0.45 × 0.46 meters). The post checkpoint that was held between the stone pillars are CONDUCT Surplus water from the dam basin through the canal dug in the rock, which was settled some respects for the purpose of irrigation.
North coincidence after coincidence constructed south, and consists of a large pillar and even offer them the helm laptop 12.20 meters ****************d on the West Rib Mountain east of the northern Balkans, was built in Mahq Mhendmh stones and stones longitudinal and other incidental largest sizes (1.66 × 0.37 × 0.40 m), and used Material Alkdad (white cement) in linking these stones barrier, has concluded faced receiving water in the upper balcony from the ranks of stone pillars support the backdrop for the purpose of preventing the impact of water flowing in and made the top outlets for the disposal of excess water does not rise to levels before the dam. The mainstay pay tribute to the great age of rock stones Mhendmh dimensions of the largest (2.10 × 0.42 m) and tends to build on the helicopter inside and the curvature to avoid the pressure of water, has seemingly Balkdad painting, and sections built on top of them and construction units to control the rising water level in the dam. As for Fatah, which separates between this pillar and stone barrier is introduced (3.55 m) and (2.95 m) to mediate a pillar of small stones built Mhendmh display (4.25 m), opening a channel to play a significant move towards banks channels in the north.
Demolish the dam
And subjected to destroy four times due to the accumulation of sediments in the basin of menstruation, most recently during the era of Abraha year 552 AD. The rest of the dam currently features some merit, and buildings passerby North and South, in addition to the two main channels linking the two banks were Gent, and watersheds in the gardens of agricultural land north and south, a small dams transformative apportion water that they received from the main channels
Belquis throne (Temple بران)

Location: north-west of Muharram Balqees distance of 1 km.
Stature:
Lies in that it follows the Temple Twins in terms of importance, one of the most important temples were built by the Kingdom of Sheba of the god (Cafe) in Marib, known locally Balamaid - the proportion of the towering pillars that there is still a witness to the greatness and strength Sbeien.
Date constructive:
Distressing return to the era and the beginning of (the sixth century BC. M), the temple has gone through several stages, was the first building in the power structure, the gate that led to peace by those located in front of the gate, followed the original building courtyard sprawl and start building the outposts, were in another Stage (the third century and fourth calendar), in addition towers of the outer Milky fence, and then not be in any building where the temple is no longer used for worship with kings Donkeys embrace religions late fourth century AD.
Recipe:
Open courtyard surrounded by corridors of the three aspects except the east, and these corridors mounted columns rectangular form. It opens in mid rib northern gate leading to the courtyard, with a display (2 meters), which correspond to the second gate open in the southern rib and a display (1.85 m) also opened in mid-rib structure east of the yard - a platform for high rectangular courtyard .- , And climb from extinction handed to him by the shoulders, with a length from east to west (23.25 m), and in width from north to south (17.82 m), a height of about three meters in the courtyard ground, and make the podium "Alakedas Jerusalem," where six columns (the rest The sixth five broken now) with ornate capitals cubic weight of a single column of which 17 tons and 350 metres long, 12 meters thick and the dimensions of 80 cm, 60 cm, which is made of stone pillars, and there are behind these bars remnants of four parallel columns of the four central pillars of the pillars of the front row Six, behind the foyer there is structure, a rectangular ground paved rectangular stones, and on the edges remnants of rectangular columns are distributed around the ground structure to form corridors, and in the campus center is rectangular stone in the four circular pits are likely to have been used as a **************** for a statue of animal might be A symbol of the god, and there are also hot holy water basin likely to reach the water through the mouth of the sacred bull's mouth.
Components:
User where the black volcanic stone, and stones Balkans white to yellow italics, marble and stone, milk box, Alkdad .. One of the most important components of the temple:
1. : Chassis:
Most occupies an area east of the courtyard rib, which is in the form of a rectangular platform in length from east to west and 23.25 m in width from north to south and 17.12 m, and is ground extinction by three meters, built of limestone streamlined, and the foundations were built of black volcanic stone, The building appears from the outside and brighten up consisted of two levels: first level ****************ment is composed of four building blocks, and the top level starting from the fifth addicts and rocks are roughly concave and construction of the addicts back to the sixth home by 10 cm even commensurate with the high podium is the original temple, which is ascending This podium by a broad stone in the middle of steep terrace, and has introduced 4.70 m, consisting of eighteen degree of thickness of 20 cm each, and insecurity in this peace on both sides of the wall are ****************d limestone phased manner commensurate with the sharp decline of the practice of peace, and there Ideal "Jerusalem Alakedas" for six columns (the remaining five and sixth broken now) with ornate capitals cubic weight of a single column of which 17 tons and 350 metres long, 12 meters thick and the dimensions of 80 cm, 60 cm, and the average distance between two columns each 63 cm, Tejan These columns decorated Halim Architecture is also available in Rack frieze consisting of three rows, revolves around the Taj column from the upper class three desalination square, and row four East Halim square, but there bottom three desalination square, with a high crown column out of the same column 78 cm, and Summit column is for a prominent San likely out of the column average length of 16 cm, 14 cm and was introduced by 7 cm in height, each column on a rectangular stone **************** separate from the other column, with a length of 3.30 m and supply 8 cm thick and 58 cm, are behind this Row of columns rectangular pits were used as ****************s for the four pillars of the background, which is high on the front row of columns about 60 cm, and an area between the columns row front and back 2.20 m, and columns in the middle of the back row columns rectangular in shape, either columns on both sides of the row the two sides to form The letter L, and constitute PHUA sheltered in front of Temple, is entering the structure of descriptive columns between the front and rear with a distance between the four pillars rear gate with three entrances to the entrance hall of the characteristics of religious architecture Sbeih. Behind the gate is structure, which is rectangular in shape paved with stones a high rectangular in shape, surrounded by corridors on the podium, there is the middle of a rectangular building Mdemaqin long from east to west and 6.43 m introduced from north to south and 4.33 m rectangular stone slab inside and smooth in recent drilling Circled each of which has a diameter of 20 cm depth of 3 cm, the two corresponding to dig at the forefront of the stone slab which is about rules for a bronze statue of the animal symbol of the god who built a temple, as well as the bottom of the podium room is located along the axis of the East Gate is used for the burial.
2. North Gallery:
Runs along the north wall of the courtyard, and is prone toward extinction 2.65 m, was mounted on the roof twelve column rectangular shape and is divided into three parts, first part is located east of the north gate, consisting of three columns, and the second part of the west gate, and consists of seven Columns, Part III is located west of the second part and resolved by the wall extends toward extinction, consisting of two columns and a small room, and is likely to be earmarked for public use or for certain individuals, and from the outside wall of the portico is the same courtyard wall thickness of 86 cm, either internal to the fore Gallery overlooking the courtyard decoration of marble panels except the northeast corner covered with a layer of Kassar, marble plates have been used to cover the building of the wall inside a black volcanic stone, which is textured graphics Harts and geometric shapes at the top and sides, has left the rest of the bottom tableau without decoration, and likely to These panels were used to working alongside them back where worshippers sit on terraces in the gallery, and along the corridor extends from the white marble benches of the greenest italics used for seating, thick terrace height of 46 cm and 43 cm.
3. Southern gallery:
Runs along the southern wall of the courtyard and roof-Held at eleven column is divided into two parts by the gate that opens in the wall of the courtyard, with a presentation at 2.24 m courtyard.
4. Southern gallery:
Runs along the southern wall of the courtyard and roof-Held at eleven column is divided into two parts by the gate that opens in the wall of the courtyard, with a presentation at 2.24 m courtyard.
5. Western gallery:
Runs along the western wall of the courtyard and roof converted to sixteen column is divided into two parts by the gate, which is located in the middle of the courtyard west rib, is prone toward extinction 2.50 m, and extends marble benches along the corridor and beyond from extinction by a component of the two extends Championship From north to south, covering a distance of most of the eastern part of the courtyard (Temple), has led the division of the eastern part of the courtyard into two parts, each consisting of three columns, and consists of extinction installations are: rectangular building built of stone rectangular shape and burnished softly in Pillars south-western and north-west of the courtyard, and this building is designed to fill the inside of a square cut form of milk, which covers part of the inscription found in the southern corridor, which indicates that it built in the late stage of building the portico It is clear that because of a religious nature, which form Resembles the podium.
6. Well:
Located in the northeastern inside the courtyard of the importance of ritual ablution and purifies himself, which took place in the temple, and the tip of construction at ground level rectangular stones built a high figure roughly a length of 3.33 m and 3.16 m prone on the ground and the height of 1.80 m courtyard, and construction of a five building blocks , Carving addicts from the upper stone and one of the same type construction in the form of a basin edges from the high level of quarantine afternoon by 4 cm, has been transformed into outposts opened in the middle of this stone in the form of square involving 78 cm in length, and rib southern basin Mizapanah built on top of the form of Thor By 20 cm dug in the back channel for the passage of water 25 cm in length and 20 cm display and depth of 3 cm, and this was Mizapanah in the basin below the basin another component of the upper stone and a 2.58 m long and 73 cm vulnerable, as built in the southern Mizapanah involved in the form of Ras Thor Mizapanah resembles the upper basin is 33 cm long, dug in the back channel-like channel in the upper basin is 40 cm in length and display 9 cm and depth of 6 cm, and this was Mizapanah in the basin below the basin third topic on the second floor directly courtyard, a lump of stone and a rectangular format A length of 2.94 m and introducing a depth of 45 cm and 25 cm, and there are a circular hole in the rib's western basin is 5 cm in diameter pass through the water and was in the ground outside the temple courtyard to either the inside of wells have been built with stones and a high roughly softly very refined and developed over some without The use of any link

المصدر: منتديات مدينة الاحلام